Cognomen Winchester (Winchester 
, Castra 
, وينشستر) , globally, is a common family name. The cognomen Winchester is habitual in Trinidad and Tobago, where it is quite a common surname, Mauritius, where it is quite a rare surname, and Australia. Not in comparison with a country's population, the name is most common in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Myanmar. Much less frequently, Winchester is the forename as well as the last name.
| VARIANT | COUNTRY |
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| Winchester | Myanmar, Australia, United Kingdom, United States, Indonesia |
| Castra | Brazil, France, Australia, United States, Indonesia |
| וינצ'סטר | Israel |
Winchestre, Winchestér, Winchëster, Wynchester, Wìnchester, Wînchester, Wïnchëstër, Wınchester, Винчестер, and วินเชสเตอร์
| winchester painter Ancient attic-greek vase-painter of red-figure style, GR (b. 550) |
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| hunfrith of winchester Bishop of Winchester (b. 700) |
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æthelwold of winchester Bishop of Winchester; Abbot of Abingdon, GB (b. 900) |
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licoricia of winchester influental 13th-century English Jew, GB (b. 1250) |
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| alexander dunbar winchester Roman Catholic clergyman, GB (b. 1618) |
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james winchester American military figure and politician (1752–1826), US (b. 1752) |
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| william winchester surveyor in Colonial Maryland (b. 1710) |
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| elhanan winchester Founder of the Universalists (b. 1751) |
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william p. winchester American colonel, US (b. 1801) |
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| george winchester American Revolutionary War soldier (1757-1794) (b. 1757) |
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| william winchester US (b. 1750) |
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oliver winchester American businessman and politician (1810-1880), US (b. 1810) |
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| james winchester American judge, US (b. 1772) |
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reuben winchester politician in Massachusetts, US (1825-1906), US (b. 1825) |
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| henry winchester British Member of Parliament (1777-1838) (b. 1777) |
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